Migration of Dictyostelium Amoeba: Role of Adhesion and Quorum Sensing

نویسندگان

  • Laurent Golé
  • Francois Amblard
  • Claire Wilhelm
  • Franz Bruckert
  • Pierre Cosson
  • Jean-Paul Rieu
  • Charlotte Riviere
چکیده

This thesis focuses on the analysis of the role of adhesion between substrate and cell and factors of Quorum sensing on the migration of Dictyostelium amoeba. Tools to automate the recordings of video microscopy and image analysis have been developed to work with very large samples of cells and to quantify cell migration. A microfluidic device for cell detachment in hydrodynamic flow combined with a motorized stage has allowed a statistical study of adhesion but also the dynamics of detachment. The analysis of the migration of Dictyostelium in non nutritive medium highlights the role of density on cell differentiation and migration capacity. We observe the presence of a maximum speed of migration after 6 hours of starvation. We show that the adhesion to glass is twice as low in deprivation buffer as in the nutrient medium. The experiences of migration in growth medium revealed the presence of a factor of detection of density secreted by the cells and regulating their random migration. The diffusion coefficient, the persistence of the movement and morphology of cells vary depending on the concentration of this factor. This factor does not affect cell adhesion but only the dynamics of detachment. Finally, the testing protocol developed allowed us to make a comparative study of migration by varying other parameters such as surface or the chemical composition of experimental medium. This work concludes by outlining the possible role of adhesion to the migration of Dictyostelium in nutrient medium. Résumé Cette thèse est centrée sur l’analyse du rôle de l’adhésion cellule-substrat et des facteurs de détection de Quorum sur la migration amibienne de Dictyostelium . Des outils pour automatiser les enregistrements de vidéomicroscopie et l’analyse d’image ont été développés afin de travailler avec de très grands échantillons de cellules et de quantifier la migration cellulaire. Un dispositif microfluidique de détachement cellulaire sous flux hydrodynamique combiné une platine motorisée a permis une étude statistique de l’adhésion mais aussi de la dynamique de détachement. L’analyse de la migration de Dictyostelium en milieu non nutritif met en évidence le rôle de la densité sur la différentiation des cellules et leur capacité de migration. Nous observons la présence d’une vitesse maximale de migration après 6h de carence. Nous montrons que l’adhésion sur verre est deux fois plus faible en milieu carencé qu’en milieu nutritif. Les expériences de migration en milieu nutritif ont révélé la présence d’un facteur de détection de densité sécrété par les cellules et régulant leur migration aléatoire. Le coefficient de diffusion, la persistance du mouvement et la morphologie des cellules varient en fonction de la concentration de ce facteur. Ce facteur ne modifie pas l’adhésion cellulaire mais uniquement la dynamique de détachement. Enfin, le protocole d’analyse développé nous a permis de faire une étude comparative de la migration en faisant varier d’autres paramètres tel que la surface ou la composition chimique du milieu expérimental. Ce travail se conclue en exposant le possible rôle de l’adhésion sur la migration chez Dictyostelium en milieu nutritif. ii te l-0 08 46 58 6, v er si on 1 19 J ul 2 01 3

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تاریخ انتشار 2013